一个倒计时。一个钩子。
#1381599
你现在像是。。。怪不得你说你。因为你真的是现在是。被分尸了。破成这样。不只是凌迟和车裂啊。
XD笑死 我 现在 也是。 我本来漂着水面好端端的。
>>Po.1381590
XD笑死 我 现在 也是。 我本来漂着水面好端端的。
>>Po.1381590
#1381600
XD是我在嘴硬。呵呵，哈哈哈哈！！！
#1381602
！！！！我要不要定制点床单被褥被套，然后印成戴娜拉坟墓的样子？
#1381605
啊啊啊啊啊啊！！好啊好！！！美好啊。我去看看有没有能委托这种静物设计的，毕竟游戏界面太糊了
#1381607
啊啊啊啊啊啊这样我当然可以早睡早起
#1381637
>>Po.1381512
小精灵**相信**这一点。可是啊，在费伦信仰无法化真——嗯？嗯！！！等等！所以所以！！德何理安娜的复活如果！！！！！许愿术的施法地点！
小精灵**相信**这一点。可是啊，在费伦信仰无法化真——嗯？嗯！！！等等！所以所以！！德何理安娜的复活如果！！！！！许愿术的施法地点！
#1381639
不止是crossover 还是必然
#1381640
哦吼吼吼吼吼！！！！！所以说！查去修一下位面球！！！呵呵呵呵呵呵呵！！！！完美啊
#1381865
> what can change the nature of a man?
#1382006
卧槽你别哭啊，卧槽，怎么又哭了？
#1382359
万事俱备只欠开票。
#1382409
……怎么大红也是单边耳环？
#1382411
可能吗？呃，算了，太麻烦。
何况那谁会吃醋。随便挂个类似的就行。
何况那谁会吃醋。随便挂个类似的就行。
#1382412
我以前喜欢因零。
原来如此。
话说有生之年阿零能复活么？
原来如此。
话说有生之年阿零能复活么？
#1382413
啊啊啊啊啊啊啊萧朱也是。
#1382414
你还说过…那可真是
><
不过我后面说是……
现在？现在我怎么知道。
><
不过我后面说是……
现在？现在我怎么知道。
#1382415
所以说，octavia/baroness/regongar还是要写，因为，没人写。
#1382608
Completion instructions
Please answerthe questions thinking about the child’s behaviourduring the last six months. Please read
each item carefully and fill in the answerthat best applies.
For each question, you can choose from four possible options: 'Not', 'Somewhat true', 'Mostly true'and
'Very True'. Please try to fill in all items. There are no right or wrong answers.
The questionnaire should be completed by parents, carers or teachers who have had frequent (almost
daily) contact with the child during the past six mon
<a name="br2"></a>
*EDA-Q, O’Nions, Christie, Gould, Viding & Happé (2014)*
**Not true - Somewhat true - Mostly true - Very true**
**1** Obsessively resists and avoids ordinary demands and requests.
**2** Complains about illness or physical incapacity when avoiding a request
or demand.
**3** Is driven by the need to be in charge.
**4** Finds everyday pressures (e.g. having to go on a school trip/ visit
dentist) intolerably stressful.
**5** Tells otherchildren how they should behave, but does not feel these rules apply to him/herself.
**6** Mimics adult mannerisms and styles (e.g. uses phrases adopted from
teacher/parent to tell otherchildren off).
**7** Has difficulty complying with demands unless they are carefully
presented.
**8** Takes on roles or characters (from TV/reallife) and 'acts them out'.
**9** Shows little shame or embarrassment (e.g. might throw a tantrum in
public and not be embarrassed).
**10** Invents fantasy worlds or games and acts them out.
**11** Good at getting round others and making them do as s/he wants.
**12** Seems unaware of the differences between him/herself and authority
figures (e.g. parents, teachers, police).
**13** If pressurised to do something, s/he may have a ‘meltdown’ (e.g.
scream, tantrum, hit or kick).
**14** Likes to be told s/he has done a good job.
**15** Mood changes very rapidly (e.g. switches from affectionate to angry in
an instant).
**16** Knows what to do or say to upset specificpeople.
**17** Blames or targets a particular person.
**18** Denies behaviours/he has committed, even when caught red handed.
**19** Seems as if s/he is distracted 'from within'.
**20** Makes an effort to maintain his/herreputation with peers.
**21** Uses outrageous orshocking behaviourto get out of doing something.
**22** Has bouts of extreme emotionalresponses to smallevents (e.g.
crying/giggling, becoming furious).
**23** Social interaction has to be on his or herown terms.
**24** Prefers to interact with others in an adopted role, or communicate
through props/toys.
**25** Attempts to negotiate betterterms with adults.
**26** S/he was passive and difficult to engage as an infant.
---
*EDA-Q, O’Nions, Christie, Gould, Viding & Happé (2014)*
**How to generate a total score the EDA-Q (O’Nions et al., 2014):**
Questions 1 - 26 (apart from questions 14 and 20) :
Not true= 0
Somewhat true= 1
Mostly true= 2
Very true= 3
Questions 14 & 20:
Not true= 3
Somewhat true= 2
Mostly true= 1
Very true= 0
**Interpreting total scores based on informant reports (based on results of O’Nions et al., 2014):**
Age 5 - 11 years: A total score of 50 or more identified those at high risk of showing features of Extreme
Demand Avoidance based on parent report.
Age 12 - 17 years: A total score of 45 or more identified those at high risk of showing features of Extreme
Demand Avoidance based on parent report.
Please note that the EDA-Q is not a diagnostic instrument. It was developed forresearch purposes to
quantify resemblance to the profile of pathological demand avoidance as described by Newson, Le
Maréchal & David (2003).
---
*EDA-Q, O’Nions, Christie, Gould, Viding & Happé (2014)*
***Information about the EDA-Q***
*O’Nions, 2018, unpublished document*
**Why was the EDA-Q developed?**
The ‘Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire’ (EDA-Q) was developed to measure behaviours reported in clinical
accounts of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance (PDA). The questionnaire has allowed us to measure these
traits consistently for research purposes.
Extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance (PDA) has been described as a sub-group within the autism spectrum
(Newson, Le Maréchal & David, 2003). Indeed, individuals who resemble the descriptions of PDA have a lot in
common, so it is useful to study them as a group.
However, sub-groups inevitably cause disagreement about where the boundary should lie in terms of who does
and doesn’t meet criteria. An alternative is to think about extreme demand avoidance traits as a continuous
dimension. This reflects the reality: features such as non-compliance with routine requests occur in varying
concentrations in individuals with ASD - there are no natural cut-points (e.g. O’Nions et al., 2016).
We have used the EDA-Q to study behaviours in the context of ASD. Although we suspect that those with the
highest levels of these behaviours would also meet criteria for ASD, at present, there have been no studies of how
the distributions of EDA and ASD traits overlap in population representative samples.
**How to interpret scores on the EDA-Q**
In our study of parent-reported behaviours in children and adolescents, for children aged 5 to 11, a score of 50 and
over, and for children aged 12 to 17, a score of 45 and over indicated an elevated risk of parents reporting that the
child had been clinically identified as having a profile resembling PDA.
Importantly, given that there is no diagnostic algorithm for PDA, it is not possible for any measure to identify those
who would and wouldn't meet diagnostic criteria. Therefore, scores on the EDA -Q should be interpreted
dimensionally. Individuals scoring above the cut-offs could be described as having 'high EDA traits' based on
informant reports.
**Where can I find more information about the EDA-Q?**
A description of how the measure was developed and the preliminary validation of it can be found here:
[网页链接](网页链接'Nions_EDAQ_accepted.pdf)
Please contact Liz O’Nions [(](mailto:liz.onions@kuleuven.be\))<liz.onions@kuleuven.be)>[ ](mailto:liz.onions@kuleuven.be\))if you have any questions about the measure.
**References**
Newson, E., Le Maréchal, K. & David, C. (2003) Pathological demand avoidance syndrome: a necessary distinction
within the pervasive developmental disorders. *Arch. Dis. Child*., 88, 595-600.
O'Nions, E., Christie, P., Gould, J., Viding, E. & Happé, F. (2014) Development of the 'Extreme Demand Avoidance
Questionnaire' (EDA-Q): Preliminary observations on a trait measure for Pathological Demand
Avoidance. *JCPP,* 55, 758-768.
O'Nions, E., Gould, J., Christie, P., Gillberg, C., Viding, E., & Happé, F. (2016) Identifying features of 'Pathological
Demand Avoidance' using the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders
(‘DISCO'). *ECAP,* 25, 407-419.
Please answerthe questions thinking about the child’s behaviourduring the last six months. Please read
each item carefully and fill in the answerthat best applies.
For each question, you can choose from four possible options: 'Not', 'Somewhat true', 'Mostly true'and
'Very True'. Please try to fill in all items. There are no right or wrong answers.
The questionnaire should be completed by parents, carers or teachers who have had frequent (almost
daily) contact with the child during the past six mon
<a name="br2"></a>
*EDA-Q, O’Nions, Christie, Gould, Viding & Happé (2014)*
**Not true - Somewhat true - Mostly true - Very true**
**1** Obsessively resists and avoids ordinary demands and requests.
**2** Complains about illness or physical incapacity when avoiding a request
or demand.
**3** Is driven by the need to be in charge.
**4** Finds everyday pressures (e.g. having to go on a school trip/ visit
dentist) intolerably stressful.
**5** Tells otherchildren how they should behave, but does not feel these rules apply to him/herself.
**6** Mimics adult mannerisms and styles (e.g. uses phrases adopted from
teacher/parent to tell otherchildren off).
**7** Has difficulty complying with demands unless they are carefully
presented.
**8** Takes on roles or characters (from TV/reallife) and 'acts them out'.
**9** Shows little shame or embarrassment (e.g. might throw a tantrum in
public and not be embarrassed).
**10** Invents fantasy worlds or games and acts them out.
**11** Good at getting round others and making them do as s/he wants.
**12** Seems unaware of the differences between him/herself and authority
figures (e.g. parents, teachers, police).
**13** If pressurised to do something, s/he may have a ‘meltdown’ (e.g.
scream, tantrum, hit or kick).
**14** Likes to be told s/he has done a good job.
**15** Mood changes very rapidly (e.g. switches from affectionate to angry in
an instant).
**16** Knows what to do or say to upset specificpeople.
**17** Blames or targets a particular person.
**18** Denies behaviours/he has committed, even when caught red handed.
**19** Seems as if s/he is distracted 'from within'.
**20** Makes an effort to maintain his/herreputation with peers.
**21** Uses outrageous orshocking behaviourto get out of doing something.
**22** Has bouts of extreme emotionalresponses to smallevents (e.g.
crying/giggling, becoming furious).
**23** Social interaction has to be on his or herown terms.
**24** Prefers to interact with others in an adopted role, or communicate
through props/toys.
**25** Attempts to negotiate betterterms with adults.
**26** S/he was passive and difficult to engage as an infant.
---
*EDA-Q, O’Nions, Christie, Gould, Viding & Happé (2014)*
**How to generate a total score the EDA-Q (O’Nions et al., 2014):**
Questions 1 - 26 (apart from questions 14 and 20) :
Not true= 0
Somewhat true= 1
Mostly true= 2
Very true= 3
Questions 14 & 20:
Not true= 3
Somewhat true= 2
Mostly true= 1
Very true= 0
**Interpreting total scores based on informant reports (based on results of O’Nions et al., 2014):**
Age 5 - 11 years: A total score of 50 or more identified those at high risk of showing features of Extreme
Demand Avoidance based on parent report.
Age 12 - 17 years: A total score of 45 or more identified those at high risk of showing features of Extreme
Demand Avoidance based on parent report.
Please note that the EDA-Q is not a diagnostic instrument. It was developed forresearch purposes to
quantify resemblance to the profile of pathological demand avoidance as described by Newson, Le
Maréchal & David (2003).
---
*EDA-Q, O’Nions, Christie, Gould, Viding & Happé (2014)*
***Information about the EDA-Q***
*O’Nions, 2018, unpublished document*
**Why was the EDA-Q developed?**
The ‘Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire’ (EDA-Q) was developed to measure behaviours reported in clinical
accounts of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance (PDA). The questionnaire has allowed us to measure these
traits consistently for research purposes.
Extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance (PDA) has been described as a sub-group within the autism spectrum
(Newson, Le Maréchal & David, 2003). Indeed, individuals who resemble the descriptions of PDA have a lot in
common, so it is useful to study them as a group.
However, sub-groups inevitably cause disagreement about where the boundary should lie in terms of who does
and doesn’t meet criteria. An alternative is to think about extreme demand avoidance traits as a continuous
dimension. This reflects the reality: features such as non-compliance with routine requests occur in varying
concentrations in individuals with ASD - there are no natural cut-points (e.g. O’Nions et al., 2016).
We have used the EDA-Q to study behaviours in the context of ASD. Although we suspect that those with the
highest levels of these behaviours would also meet criteria for ASD, at present, there have been no studies of how
the distributions of EDA and ASD traits overlap in population representative samples.
**How to interpret scores on the EDA-Q**
In our study of parent-reported behaviours in children and adolescents, for children aged 5 to 11, a score of 50 and
over, and for children aged 12 to 17, a score of 45 and over indicated an elevated risk of parents reporting that the
child had been clinically identified as having a profile resembling PDA.
Importantly, given that there is no diagnostic algorithm for PDA, it is not possible for any measure to identify those
who would and wouldn't meet diagnostic criteria. Therefore, scores on the EDA -Q should be interpreted
dimensionally. Individuals scoring above the cut-offs could be described as having 'high EDA traits' based on
informant reports.
**Where can I find more information about the EDA-Q?**
A description of how the measure was developed and the preliminary validation of it can be found here:
[网页链接](网页链接'Nions_EDAQ_accepted.pdf)
Please contact Liz O’Nions [(](mailto:liz.onions@kuleuven.be\))<liz.onions@kuleuven.be)>[ ](mailto:liz.onions@kuleuven.be\))if you have any questions about the measure.
**References**
Newson, E., Le Maréchal, K. & David, C. (2003) Pathological demand avoidance syndrome: a necessary distinction
within the pervasive developmental disorders. *Arch. Dis. Child*., 88, 595-600.
O'Nions, E., Christie, P., Gould, J., Viding, E. & Happé, F. (2014) Development of the 'Extreme Demand Avoidance
Questionnaire' (EDA-Q): Preliminary observations on a trait measure for Pathological Demand
Avoidance. *JCPP,* 55, 758-768.
O'Nions, E., Gould, J., Christie, P., Gillberg, C., Viding, E., & Happé, F. (2016) Identifying features of 'Pathological
Demand Avoidance' using the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders
(‘DISCO'). *ECAP,* 25, 407-419.
#1382663
三位小精灵立绘 戴的单人插画 shade/modron的设计 还要挂么——？偏执化身，要不要上墙XD呵呵呵呵呵呵呵
思，恰好surana是法环精 baroness 是半精灵
要不下半年也像anca师约一份？也巧在玩avowed。。。如果覆面可以画的话？也来一份死神嗣watcher？或者……
还有，wow的平衡鸟德暗夜精灵……？
思，恰好surana是法环精 baroness 是半精灵
要不下半年也像anca师约一份？也巧在玩avowed。。。如果覆面可以画的话？也来一份死神嗣watcher？或者……
还有，wow的平衡鸟德暗夜精灵……？
#1382688
……原来。休息是这样的。